Head and neck cancers are a group of malignant tumors that develop in various regions, excluding the brain and eyes.

 

These cancers often originate in the "squamous cells" lining the moist surfaces of the mouth, throat, and nasal cavity. Treatment typically requires surgical removal of the tumors.

 

In this article, ENT specialists at Magrabi Health highlight the most common types of head and neck tumors, their symptoms, and available treatment options.

 

Types of head and neck tumors

 

Malignant head and neck tumors can develop in several areas, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, and salivary glands. Below are the primary types:

 

1. Oral cancer

 

This cancer affects the lips, gums, tongue, and the upper and lower parts of the mouth. Key symptoms include:

• Persistent ulcers.
• Unusual bleeding.
• Lumps.

 

2. Laryngeal cancer

 

A cancer that originates in the larynx, its symptoms include:

• Hoarseness.
• Difficulty swallowing.
• Breathing problems.

 

3. Pharyngeal cancers

 

These cancers develop in the pharynx and may present with:

• Persistent sore throat.
• Neck lumps.
• Nasal blockage.

 

4. Salivary gland cancer

This cancer affects the parotid glands, presenting symptoms such as:

• Facial numbness.
• Lumps.
• Swelling.

 

5. Nasal and sinus cancer

 

A type of cancer which grows in the nasal cavity and surrounding sinuses. Symptoms often mimic sinusitis, including:

• Chronic congestion.
• Bleeding.
• Pain.

 

Can head and neck tumors be prevented?

 

Certain factors increase the risk of head and neck cancers, including:

• Smoking and alcohol consumption.
• Infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
• Poor oral hygiene.

 

Risk can be reduced through the following measures:

• Avoid smoking and alcohol.
• Vaccinate against HPV to lower the risk of pharyngeal cancers.
• Protect against UV exposure from direct sunlight.
• Maintain regular dental check-ups.

 

Diagnosing head and neck tumors at Magrabi Health

 

ENT specialists at Magrabi Health emphasize the importance of early diagnosis to improve treatment outcomes. Comprehensive diagnostic tools used include:

 

• Physical examination: detecting lumps or abnormalities.
• Imaging tests: including CT scans and MRIs.
• Endoscopy: For a detailed examination of the nasal cavity, throat, and larynx.
• Biopsy: Precise tissue analysis.

 

Surgical treatment of head and neck tumors at Magrabi Health

 

Surgical intervention is a primary treatment option, often combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The choice of surgery depends on the type, location, and stage of the cancer.

 

Surgical procedures include:

 

1. Tumor resection
   This involves removing the tumor along with some surrounding healthy tissue. In advanced cases, nearby lymph nodes may also be removed to prevent cancer spread.
2. Reconstructive surgery
   Post-tumor removal, this surgery restores the appearance and function of affected tissues, employing techniques such as skin grafting and tissue transplantation.
3. Minimally invasive techniques
   Some tumor resections are performed using endoscopic approaches to enhance safety and reduce recovery time.

 

What to expect after surgery?

 

As we have mentioned, early diagnosis significantly improves treatment success rates. Patients experiencing unusual symptoms in the ENT region should promptly seek specialized care for comprehensive evaluation.

 

Post-surgery, some patients may encounter side effects, such as difficulty speaking or swallowing. Magrabi Health’s experts carefully manage these issues to ensure patients lead normal lives.

 

If you suspect any abnormal symptoms, we recommend visiting the nearest Magrabi Health branch for expert consultation and thorough examination.

 

Early detection facilitates the development of a personalized treatment plan, promoting recovery and a healthier life.